Nerium indicum – Kaner – complete detail – updated

Nerium indicum – Kaner – complete detail – updated. Description of Nerium indicum. Uses of Nerium indicum. Local name of Nerium indicum is Kaner.  Distribution of Nerium indicum. Classification of Nerium indicum. Nerium indicum is highly poisonous to humans, pets, livestock and and birds due to the presence of cardiac glycosides, mainly oleandrin.

Nerium indicum is evergreen shrub or small tree that grows up to 5 m. in height. The leaves are long, simple, whorled, linear-lance late, 9-14 cm in length with horizontal nerves. Leaves and flowers are used to treat malaria and as traditional medicine it induces the termination of embryo. The root powder is an external remedy for hemorrhoids and ulcers around genitals.

Description

Nerium indicum is evergreen shrub or small tree that grows up to 5 m. in height. The leaves are long, simple, whorled, linear-lance late, 9-14 cm in length with horizontal nerves. Leaves are in pairs of three or whorled, green, leathery, narrowly elliptic to linear entire.

The flowers grow in clusters at the end of each branch.  The flowers have both male and female organs, soft sweet-scented, single or double cymes with attractive color that varies from white, pink or red, sweet smelled and 4-5 cm in diameter.

Fruit of Nerium is long about 15-20 cm, cylindrical, deep longitudinal, narrow parallel lines or ridges and paired growing with the stem. The seeds usually are flat and winged or have a tuft of fine, Seeds contained in fruit are numerous, compressed and white and grayish in color having smooth hairs.

Classification

Common Name – Kaner

Botanical Name – Nerium indicum

Kingdom – Plantae

Subkingdom – Tracheobionta

Division – Magnoliophyta

Class – Magnoliopsida

Subclass – Asteridae

Order – Gentianales

Genus – Nerium

Family – Apocynaceae

Distribution

Nerium indicum is distributed all over the Philippines, India and Nepal, found on the ranges of 6400 feet. Also found Mediterranean region, Iran, the Indian subcontinent and southern China.

Uses

Nerium indicum is highly poisonous to humans, pets, livestock and birds due to the presence of cardiac glycosides, mainly oleandrin. Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension and death.

Nerium indicum has many medicinal properties like bitter, acrid, astringent, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, stomachic, febrifuge, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, cardio tonic, anticancer etc. Used in the treatment of cardiac asthma, renal and vesicle calculi, chronic stomach, skin related problems, snake bites joint pains, leprosy, cancer, ulcers etc.

Local people used the decoction of the leaves has been applied externally in the treatment of scabies and to reduce swellings.

Leaves and flowers are also used to treat malaria and as traditional medicine it induces the termination of embryo. The root powder is an external remedy for hemorrhoids and ulcers around genitals. Leaves and bark is treated as insecticide, rat poison and parasitic. Kaner also used as an ornamental shrub.